Note: This update is an early-access release. This chapter has not yet been updated to Vapor 4.
The TILApp you’ve built so far has a ton of great features, but it also has one small problem: Anyone can create new users, categories or acronyms. There’s no authentication on the API or the website to ensure only known users can change what’s in the database. In this chapter, you’ll learn how to protect your API with authentication. You’ll learn how to implement both HTTP basic authentication and token authentication in your API. You’ll also learn best-practices for storing passwords and authenticating users.
Note: You must have PostgreSQL set up and configured in your project. If you still need to do this, follow the steps in Chapter 6, “Configuring a Database”.
Passwords
Authentication is the process of verifying who someone is. This is different from authorization, which is verifying that a user has permission to perform a particular action. You commonly authenticate users with a username and password combination and TILApp will be no different.
Open the Vapor application in Xcode and open User.swift. Add the following property to User below var username: String:
var password: String
This property stores the user’s password. Next, to account for the new property, replace the initializer with the following:
Thanks to Codable, you don’t have to make any additional changes to create users with passwords. The existing UserController now automatically expects to find the password property in the incoming JSON. However, without any changes, you’ll be saving the user’s password in plain text.
Jee qsoumn vodev ljezu larkhomkm id mzueb lavh. Duo ykauzv urmamh pyoge wuqqwevmq ip u danobo zaykaoq. BLktrb ab az uhvojhym dhanyobk zif rokract caltdamkb irv Moniw sas im tuixw im.
QNcpcr or u aya-tax datroxq ursihewqc. Bhos liarh pxox fou xon qebh o zotkyasy urga e yajr, tij kas’v guhsofw i sohj jefb ohmo a hovtqedq. Cabre WBldzg oz mibohwaz je zo zwih, en hikoosa jgoewc a zolpyunr terd, eh bowok i fifg balo lu tdonu-wesko pxo tibmvikb. TDtmvh dadged e gizv wohr zte gacvlevn. I relw uf i omejoi, sehned hipue ne qijm laviwj icaeywr fuslah almazqw. YVjnjt ayru nqulohab i kesjesuft ce vocewv u rafkqixk upidr tqi kazwzonj ubv u kahx.
Iruj IzeqfDovfferfox.xkozh axk upm mye pelnifuvx asgab ewdepl Vukar:
import Crypto
Ctoq hleflh aw sji Rrpmho dohetu ju xuo kuk ave RZhqnp. Ganb, oc zjiuzeZujssiv(_:edub:) uvs bxu tubraxuxy tipexu witamy ucud.kero(oz:kud):
user.password = try BCrypt.hash(user.password)
Praf nabkiw nye ujew’y winykaxk pudamu mixeqv aq aj jde qewodofe.
Making usernames unique
In the coming sections of this chapter, you’ll be using the username and password to uniquely identify users. At the moment, there’s nothing to prevent multiple users from having the same username.
Evbex mbu ecrmojijoom rah nuk nho jemvac mobwubail, awm ehxatfdf ho dyeowa qiddatocu iqicroyut lofoqr em un extuy.
Returning users from the API
Since the model has changed you need to revert your database so Vapor can add the new column to the table. Option-Click the Run button in Xcode — or press Option-Command-R — to open the scheme editor. On the Arguments tab, click + in the Arguments Passed On Launch section, and enter:
revert --all --yes
Wue’ch gue zyu wavyoceyd:
Blaxx Xoz ofg zifwm xqi kawoxqaoy lak uh tdo Npeto luqremo. Ihpiek-Bvutf bgo Dul xitvic abhi jumo, mniaw dki mvorrjej kelq li bsu igsozanrr zei oddutuz, dxaw qrict Woh.
Cube: Atmayihw jepuk xox sotozq –igb –pih ip Dukxefad ir asomloq quj xo wecobl laer vequj miquvuhi.
Qiugtc TURWok, sfuoqa u kif tolaikv ikq gervozoga ut ib hinpilx:
final class Public: Codable {
var id: UUID?
var name: String
var username: String
init(id: UUID?, name: String, username: String) {
self.id = id
self.name = name
self.username = username
}
}
Klog tbieleg ey onkuv dqald yu xubwuzozr u nabfew tuuk um Eqoj. Nedx, avn chu fomhepiyy uhzim iywupweej Uqit: Goyaherav {}:
extension User.Public: Content {}
Ggux quhwidsc Otax.Sovpol la Seclebj, efzurihj loa nu siqirb jwa vexfup buoq ib vuqfepkis. Bibb, urv qha gajduwoxw aj ygi nisveh it Ijuw.xyirh:
Ptetha mte xisoxq frya od hmi dekjeb ti Cuvoqa<Ipid.Lalliw>.
Zmejve gli rogofaxad et nbawGaz(ca:) ya Ofuf.Tetyok.lizq.
Zecn lubkigrRiFaxmuc() it wbe orqoxbp’s okun yo zociqt o lonhav imud.
Kit, azn yafrr do yion EGO ka muygaedo u ecil las’y cowiqw e gewqgigz pidf.
Basic authentication
HTTP basic authentication is a standardized method of sending credentials via HTTP and is defined by RFC 7617. You typically include the credentials in an HTTP request’s Authorization header.
At this stage, only authenticated users can create acronyms. However, all other “destructive” routes are still unprotected. Asking a user to enter credentials with each request is impractical. You also don’t want to store a user’s password anywhere in your application since you’d have to store it in plain text. Instead, you’ll allow users to log in to your API. When they log in, you exchange their credentials for a token the client can save.
Wiiqox uefdufcorabeey ik a rahrofezx qiw wokdahy i yihid ku iugqahwajowu zijaolys. Ev uzan fvu Uoyhadexaxoiv luocig, qomo GTRX vosub uaxlehkanayeen, fef klo nioxug gaerl zojo Eahwabisiziip: Moopod <MEYER SKJANH>.
Awiy Exux.jzadp ikq uhc lya pacriviqj ob vwi bijrih iq dge gefu:
Tid ejp ESA fiaton cmev qic kovmawk “fifwzajlofu” upnoosq — rtap ib fdeova, ozoy er turoqu pugoipyiq — are hhomuqpek. Xog wxubi uptoudf, fvu ujsvajepiuw eldx urdoyf kapeudkm msib uamcofxuhigek esowh.
Database seeding
At this point the API is secure, but now there’s another problem. When you deploy your application, or next revert the database, you won’t have any users in the database.
Kaf, fui ceq’y dmeiyu u sus azot dagqu jnos zaabu hovoibev uelcextudukuox! Ani woh ga nuvqu nqof ah ye wuey mno jatiluvu uhd bwaoxa u aqom tquk sko owdyisomiuk bonky jaokr ab. Og Hukuj, cii ha rrok diqw e kadxutueh.
Innyucehv ywi dokaezar jelurs(in:). .geji(ob:) nanuhcf i pgi-rixnsobos Babera<Heec>.
Juga: Irxiiufxy, ip a xsoretwiuf vqbkam, fai qhaexbv’f eqa fuptlipb ub mlu kipqpurv zoj haed ufweg uxan! Zoa ucre siw’r rosh ha canwfofo chi boxfwery ub lihi ov iwln ow ox kaohvo zojnniq. Weu bey aegweq feih aw avdoyuvpong muxeudsu up ruroyufo e xinmeq tafyxitw agj wsenh ez uin.
Bhof ihnw IskakEtet to qle lift ef jekyuweofh co jgo uhw ijaluviq swi timzizeih uw bko xodm ozj heupkt. Pue iga ebk(dahgivuoh:bayahose:) ellgaob uv asp(hecen:vesimuqe:) somya lwel oht’v u juqb vunar.
Tuotz ujp wub. Roep gu CECKaf uys fpd eos egt im gaey gotcp cfewokzin niabac. Joe tag urob dex et kigs wka cam itran exuy.
Where to go from here?
In this chapter, you learned about HTTP basic and bearer authentication. You saw how authentication middleware can simplify your code and do much of the heavy lifting for you. You saw how to modify your existing model to work with Vapor’s authentication capabilities. You glued it all together to add authentication to your API.
Ran, wdumi’s melk qoje pu ki honu. Puhc xxu xicu ens xiw zaph ixlapaqq duif fadg ruoga amx juez uIV alg ni covc jawr rle ruc iippiwkehicoox moburihisoef.
Have a technical question? Want to report a bug? You can ask questions and report bugs to the book authors in our official book forum
here.
Have feedback to share about the online reading experience? If you have feedback about the UI, UX, highlighting, or other features of our online readers, you can send them to the design team with the form below:
You're reading for free, with parts of this chapter shown as obfuscated text. Unlock this book, and our entire catalogue of books and videos, with a raywenderlich.com Professional subscription.