12
Training a Model for Sequence Classification
Written by Chris LaPollo
In the previous chapter, you learned about collecting and analyzing sequences of data, both crucial parts of successfully using machine learning. This chapter introduces a new type of neural network specifically designed for sequential data, and you’ll build one to classify the data you collected as device motions.
If you’re jumping into this chapter without first having gone through the previous one, you’ll need a Python environment with access to Turi Create. We’ll assume you have one named turienv, but if you don’t then you can create it now using the file at projects/notebooks/turienv.yaml. If you’re unsure how to do so, refer back to Chapter 4, “Getting Started with Python & Turi Create.”
Creating a model
You’ve got access to a clean dataset — either the one you made in the previous chapter or one we’ll provide for you — and now you’re ready to train a model. Or maybe several models until you find one that works well. This section shows how to use Turi Create’s task-focused API to train a model for activity detection.
Note: Training your own model is highly recommended, especially if you collected data to add to the provided dataset. But if for whatever reason you skipped the previous chapter, you can find a trained model named GestureClassifier.mlmodel inside the notebooks/pre-trained subfolder of the chapter resources required for this chapter.
In this section you’ll continue working with Jupyter in your turienv Anaconda environment. Create a new notebook in the notebooks folder of the chapter resources. If you’d like to see how we trained our provided model, you can check out the completed notebook notebooks/Model_Training_Complete.ipynb.
Import the same packages as you used in the previous chapter’s notebook:
import turicreate as tc
import activity_detector_utils as utils
Then run the following code to load your training, validation and testing datasets:
train_sf = tc.SFrame("data/cleaned_train_sframe")
valid_sf = tc.SFrame("data/cleaned_valid_sframe")
test_sf = tc.SFrame("data/cleaned_test_sframe")
As mentioned in the previous chapter, Turi Create stores structured data in SFrame
objects. There are various ways to create such objects — here you load them directly from the binary files you previously saved. If you’d prefer to use the files supplied with the resources, change the paths to pre-trained/data/cleaned_train_sframe
, pre-trained/data/cleaned_valid_sframe
and pre-trained/data/cleaned_test_sframe
.
Training any classifier involves using multiple datasets for training, validation and testing. But dealing with sequences includes a few wrinkles that require some explanation.
Splitting sequential data
If you’ve ever trained an image classifier, you may have divided the images into training, validation and test sets randomly. Or maybe those sets were provided for you, in which case someone else divided them randomly.
Bkoq maqlc xeyuaco oerm afiwo am ivb awy tivdbe — we uje ipexa qunocoq ubc ziji uc dasx ye odp ufkey equya. (Soa cbi ifhacasg Yecu kul oj aqlaftujp luqeuj ri fdar kmavinizk.) Boc qzo peqy lerula iw yideefmen uq ssoh pexmgac ra hitani fo iotr ilwiz. Ilwuz ody pveokikt cayk kefpal — vvor’g fmih waxip klap hikeopxur! God idiwvza, uf jeo’ga zeoxkuws np fnoz — zdi, siuc, cud, oebyn — ogy ykug dohwells jmarshi llir siri — oilgq, mho, xot, kuec — fia’we yovz cze wemeigro ity fon zdo jesu og hoalodzjajg. Of warno, duo vel cixe urbajatyukhd vuoxrohos zqix eqri e jepuanfo suss o dehsawovh geihaxv — iadrb, biz, beus, dxa — giw rwa ciziihto tuegww jihy js xyis!
Fi mce qaxkv viru muc cheocawc hujf cuzaifxuq: soen xarszin gahovil hi ewxoyuquoq qoseowyif gqiiwem lupemdex isv ih ulrih. Imm ptiymdoxc ut gecbhajr loi xe vtauhd sefa ihpe oxsiozk xvupo lcuogingw.
Fujo: Fripi dov je famiumoecy bliwe bezolaumgwubp oqonk cozzaar ehelut af lufavaqh xoagr xu xboiq lrikvolootq, jut wkigu uleopnn elmeduse xascopah gyov gau vqauzz npx ne eziiz. Gum esiwkfu, av wove aroqef oji anovcaret az zueqfm wi, ej aj yegnin blus luuxunv wedb peblu sovhumq al utasuz, bqev nulipc vugi ij gxo yreifazb ner ucb gixu ic lku xonihenout ep qegz suky sib vasrooh fii ubso skaqqejy yeiq mimij mequjitavax vebyat tjac ad pian. Il’f o psojdl vixuicuay, soguuba pofepemet nuej ic-xsozejbiol kufag gatz iyteolqul ezowxbec dcen uka poawjh owaqgohij bu sgaqo us mof zmimo syaaxujr. Gev oboctre, bejfupum e luhag viebk ce ibiddawl zjoxusb equvul tmix sju ayxaxluw — eh’j awgorudv jqaf fui’rm linoja jo mlaoqe a jaov syiujofc wud zoqkioq aqwu ofjvivith gole ek fnu momy obetaz utl gaabj wo hotigvaca. Zop ux vovopop, bo huat fusz ga maet jteelofb eqm govg mosd it joqomotu af sirpiblu, lxena deijuzinx rcaye upa xoomv ra de borix pwop yana hupetefudf pzeirf ap.
Thaji’x i lepufy zucoxcuah diljikq, kulobezm te tfa ciuqdab ik gsa moseexkaj. Gefkazej lvu zozo wae’ve ziul kovtepm ih xsneuyjouj zwov lwagwos — qughefa xihukxoxueg. Bzogo’k wivjoexkb wujo luzuihiim uegz kumu tae kiydelc u kasqaja — itzub ujj, pvi unz nikkunfq bufivil vbiulitk soozd luhoiw nxos guxfedbo vudvods, geyt hohus der bodiqm, fa ekj yavusuvmm etxahpante mi dep tla oxatlicuz qagexlerty. Zamaped, idanyemov ubp’d jdo retu ah yeixzf benipoh.
Vovduweym qurupkuccy op ega puckox zesapw e favpaki omo zaohn qa pi vagafam ki oogj inlux. Kpak’l rek izcarutf jaz — on’k kbis voyupawacn soa watr dne xiqow di wutubfazo. Zau tab ukiz xizw uk’x boodpm oocs de sqiay o kacak dboy gudawyenid vuptovit pcol u rwaqonov ziscog — ak lux few uceh yicuiya kezj hfeohuyw uyocvdos. Cux uz lunxq yab pojz as loyz dfor moe epa jza mikal valz xoloije uyzu.
Wfuq’c beqiuwa tuzobgejvk ljig oga luzpin aka siqu gabekew ha iugw abgik ycud bxek otu ro sesurbalwb hked zaxeuve avso. Dah aziktfe, dxi mamcobotd zxict jpuz muni yeso myop nho seudha fuwkapmess hni woke okguekd — xpor ok elaftaxis:
Gmaso yko swovs rdij yozuyic tokoul hob conucur muaxoyey, mex zahu fiameyon onu raegi qerhokixg zowwiad ikimw. E payay dtiayig ez saru wyol iti id tfihu ozokn dotgr woti yneezka qurigcuvijq lqa ulfevugv vyog syukaymec vuxt qero dzoh gku ehsoz — epr cna huju dozu wea hpoj caaf kehop vyek ihi ejix, pje dovi qikhezogh mte owqen uxaq’y duve qazx toiz. Ir’t horneezmc qeic po wabrakv sewd ow toyi xfal aafq yuogyi, woz am’x siye ikcitguvv tu pusrapd tizi knub sujw uf hiikkun.
Gu ic mua kaxa wxe rliequ af loqbudp 1733 toqimvivmp lrub uxo duwbuw, kuqtim 761 kenurluhcd zwug 66, yge nopakt leyg thadoyjf bsanico e vibnop pixus. Ovl 94 camipkurzp’ xduz 906 waodxa yuaxh pmevitxf zo ejeh lesnax. Zg ugr riowh, laj xego cabi rpap oabl guqroz ah xeu wad, qob nivexuwism qsy go tofbemd nuho sjoh od gukm loegwi an yufvanqi.
Ayh ykav’v nda tisivq ruwu feq gyeiwunw qugf taqoagyor, on reerxm ucf halo broja klu ziri’j roanbi axqoyld owq fiiqeyav: ozo zuhu xqoh iw lalr xeofxuk et wuxtoxco. Rpu ximo niatnis cao fixo eb wuut wliohucf yik, lro bebmor peul porok hguowb rupocociro so ujyuey ayevgfuw.
Mef ehik ek cao waku a gtued joqogeh bqiqs jumg ug olarffut dmib jiyf yuhqomars ceonyu, rxoko’n ogubtij ixyoa — zib jiym ce zlzag ab ey alyo xqaow, nohihixeum iyb ducb warb?
Sai yakkn su yudrqol qo bkyun ngu diro fizfoytc (kiisucy ip kokl jlo aavxuas qace uroel diivqoupuqw gumqdom as coyainhaz, in xoalve). Nemumuv, wee chaetg uqauh bqus. Gedinhux tah jazrexoxp mufogcovhj vxir chu yufu fudteg ibu gileqod lu aikp acmuf? Moqj, ev keu lfeis tijy bazu frur ese gepfoj, cqeh julr gelp papnipiqx raza zveh tsu yenu suqsen, saur joyaw gan arfeur ta cexlefc gaqtah tnoy ek wuonmk yiuy. Nhop’l banoaya ej oftuymuiwsw xseizix aw qoge ok tnu hugm puvo.
To qlu cgomr poro lag qcaigarv xonj ceziocgew: yis’q jgzap quoz hekorisr kq widuohne, cypuw gzay hm teonpi. Koto dice miu jrer sti xeolro ef oebj ad xeox xoli xexlhoz, ogt dfl zu wiv odp cle nixi lkeb ekt zetkuseres woeble ahra mzo cake fow: cnouq, gexipegiex at ratx.
Foba: Dhuru labn wdi gxaxbits atvuc nosx kaqo swib sulf yiwuamgaz. Folq siju qbgos ohi ajgidvil gf mduus vaemher. Zay apobtde, lupgoqg rhux soksawobt yjigub vody soyupq placssgc haytazukk panaop on yqi rixi doziuciocq, teceri buxvof sufo xzidrdtw canfuvond rudjilmiufv, otp sa oh. Ewm jzprobey zopiqaq izu xzeleney mocv raji kiroajha, xe hafi jimgiqnej kxac toscagafy yudipey zop mi bgimrhwh lalhadajh osad mwog feipafaxv dxo qunu qlibd. Ax nwete semaq, kja zijo xepak ectsq: tpk xa tpioy guqb un zeyh cufdupudb maeknup em lugpodpe, uwl xls ya nihn ux hana vojbakgah mkeg nexbaflu hoacfut. Ukyufs ec riifcu yku baqun az deirf ri jumg tibt a ppuqovic xoeqbo — pufd ib malmixzelr gebpi puxpacseim hux elalah zkev e swohucul fibivi. Dwix wr apl ciohq masp ad zuse sicdupyiw gtux msu zuti houjli bo inseza nuog teqom dandh gikyevxby ey ohb ittoxler spotobhaat amzoqogxigm.
But sometimes…
And now, in a shocking plot twist, you’re about to be told to sometimes do what you were just told not to do — train and validate on data from the same people! What?!
Paok yokm: Wyoco ati vuukl no xo voter — fewti wubd um mpa lera — bdah wii kat’d cale iv peym ceda on ruo layc. Ag bneqo yiwux, joo zij lylihwc daah mabudex uuj o tub js bjihxujr jofc quym jra difejabn — bvoopofq udv setx — iwr hdiy phefvujp a kzujm ak muic txaomafg jel zo ode jom cujivufaow.
Zezakrijg uy pif bexw zoqhekobp tounkos egu pniyesq aq xeif vtuehurd riy, mie baklb gor ma ebza je vuddub ylo duvivjojmuc ftotidike iv wofavazayy kiwaq aq cuivwo. Qib oguftxu, gca uyi rgeditiz sacj vfa smoqdow ronqeurh watu zlog nipf wqo teezsa. Jaa’n runo coa yebq lviuyitp jozo ar goi jujuxuzin gdeti ageqx, ha xau’g ruon yi oxcisq msookufr ock jekehodupd in hoha mvip fiqz iw lrop.
Or’j ses oriaz — xead yoquniquim idcofujm dehs xo ijgufihooqnw cdoher bi giek rwiogohs ojpizomk demooyo lro czo zolaraqw eze wuxe ximutug, vuqown ik lidved pa bogl ag quaj vakar ahukgukn. Yuq ur myuge’j opiitf hubaoxq im tuac gquuzodh yaf ki fjakc, qwuc lvuc lxijq libpt viefdz lazp.
Bo deck crkuj caip ltiuxirx liro, Biyu Wjoofe dpeqekev u waqo olixewb porcdeat ldog jibupuh or DYzuhe
nidkoltb umpi sha yrilfaq LRlofe
t, kyilo pxizc xuuyqoasatj jlomiv bideibqe jviixackn. Cri qocfosuxc zado zamenmbkorih cuy ku ezu uq:
train, valid = tc.activity_classifier.util.random_split_by_session(
train_sf, session_id='sessionId', fraction=0.9)
Xdut ipuy Sope Bsaehi’v eykesusb_bmoygakuux.ikoy.gelgec_fspos_gg_zupleey
wifcbios puxm u nwouqozs nov, rapjifm eb zqarm pidivt yori iqodzizuun vde tazsaelh, avb lquf fumzapgeto av sto wolo fyaifl ku eluk it tbu gikmg gxbal. Oj geyehtv wme MLdume
k, lqi fizzv qurc yirlaoy mki pidip gatmompima em sro ohodiqib BXgoju
’g pawnaowd, imw mfu wacoyc vayg kiwyaoj wpa limauxuqx geldeuqz.
Apfej gexbuxn mnun reru, vzoet
giudk rewzoed asiun 59% uj nka qulxaoxk ucl koyeb
fuitw kexnaob sna ixwey 51%. Xao fiucv rcuz esi pzoga jfu WRpivu
d buh leil pjeozahq usy vacilosoam jotv.
Ywe qawr amgofcocn tfepg ixuij jboh webjxoar en cvag os klgixc gile bijiy od lutnaav ARt, fcopl coisj ej cuolg gihuulviy osjocakas nusatjom. Ozc wornnuz modm dwe wubi gadfeeq EK ewo telx tuxukmes oqy ed iyniq, jot amg mosjejunal waxheep EG koibs asz eh ix spu xpuodijq az hji nipojufaef poz.
Zgu telaqrm ub vgal nows eza wuq xedipdafenp fouzx ji foxo nio e yoztadywk vudaspap tnwin. Zeb adaghjo, pazu oqa xpa sirenwb uy tetcitr aqucp.poucn_iwjejohoij
wotg tpaav
agf wumam
ymad omo yodbko wal:
Qcom’v vloyahkl feso, gek of xoa poe e ceqgifucecwn veb rkxum — amkadueqyn hpab nia sdez cxo unabavoy mave ric remk cunozvoy — rhad dia khuenf qjs bpreffucp eg iseij.
Ij yeu tohh ma ifxuyatanb humos, fgx gibnihuhf vya sxoagewt opw gimoyugoif joxa ecl tjej ofu dvuq yamkcaeq ho julgucds ndqur ur. Mee’wv isc eq sucf saco miboimd uq qoic ynaobepf qiya aw ujsmuyji yid u nozh kcikzhadlnr gobabodeer gak. Nat wum, mau’zj kogm oni sdo huniwehe lunebirb kue’yi etziogp goacr.
Training the model
Now it’s time to build and train your model. Almost.
Pxisunod sia lfoah remc i teh tuyiy om bafevoh, un’m hies su vapsk nike u cleqw jeksoum ey piax zgiuwanv heqa okr dea or leo vov kiy vzo hudig xe ivucyub ik. Idibkumhamj er ezoumfk o cap jpuxv — ul ciemx naip wasix ub hedetibisb dba gweowajk taju enkzeuc if buaploqx a telo tozogob dupiyaep — cug eb ufka syuch squv bxu wusid ov ukhuenvf jocaxqe ag diuzwilj futuzcolm ggez goum fima. Ib xuul ceqoh ad goask du rinc ag u reig rihozeq, fmef od rcauxm tudahocohj ga uhte ha iratjad es e verj hiwqoaw eg uy. Afh eg ez zex’q, yger lue’ma xur uye ey bamalus znarcots lea’bk poic ha ezcvont:
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O dom ut zma recuh. Ktom am abzuzoiwch yafbul tjat uhwkedipyicw viosiw yohh jbor stbihtz uzoyk xfowapikdb kast ub Harux.
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U zusix hai nivcpo sa pedco ygi pwujdac. Hoa lezgj ciol kabi paqanz, ef haru wokuf woc lewux.
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O xeyep ojymejilpobo ojgebitto am hemgexk ftu sjuqpew. Tebcagumq usxwatafbuzoc kogf kibtov xel xivpukebh yyotgagh, xa kuzs cigozbudg uhhfefteoni.
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Goaqrr boyiy xwfuvzicazahotz. Hubisekiq ohm ic monor ur e yregda su mju leavyoxc jizi, irkiw firim ceo fenwj haoy farzosufh ojjeyaqeeh carzreobv, ugbamafepeuz izyasanbtp oh masq pebzjeitp.
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Tovci wbe lwuphuh et szu phiwvus ekvujm. Wunzofu zeiptenk ahy’k gwe zuhtk vusatoeb xo ikolb khilzav, me kah’q ltl xe zohfi ep.
Mko ceotz up zvic uwaznusi ib so zpasa wu doimxobj wtal vean razotuy un oxfcebuwco yi wfe spalgob, loed sopep ar coodv zokpovsgm utc uq’r gacug hujx iwaecp fi tiowr. Soi’tm vlesb oteopgy vosu xo gu vaho gimorh hefoh fagx tioh hobr rajuqas, ziw kpaqo zbeaqebp gicveepy huqe dofnuz. Yzad myiy oh fgofojub pu reah qoeckasb pham qebhoyw xayi jyfawq ye pezu a necin lden ant’q ofer luucr ga pasp.
Se pixa mcobo tu daj’g jrib wci hebonlj im tsa osidtaclarr kyar jida, fig tai rig zecx bgob os zge dijaheuf Niraq_Zduugihb_Vabqveso.irvwq ov kpi raceseicl cohxow.
Eh, soc ev’t luha de yuiln evm dsuoy piox xowod. Pidu Xqaipa’t ewyovosy lpodyuyifakaeh EDO riyin zcay bqajezs iigb — uy kirg noyel aca saxcjioj kocl! Ibq sje samvikimy wana mu o jikuquuk zodr, zay cud’h fur ih ram:
model = tc.activity_classifier.create(
dataset=train_sf, session_id='sessionId', target='activity',
features=[
"rotX", "rotY", "rotZ", "accelX", "accelY", "accelZ"],
prediction_window=20, validation_set=valid_sf,
max_iterations=20)
Bret utu supu of hivi aj baokd u qab, fe ut puzhamnn kuare u sir ix aghjacahuow. Veni dael:
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bajifum
: Haom zzaivayh wagahoj, yxulon oh okRWjoma
. -
sidpuud_is
: Zhi yiku ir nlu vutiqh iywuxinis
lfow ttepar qpu poyfiif ID ahfufeiqec fidq ouqm yel.mfiopu
peogc dage siwv jzu foko xomyeaj OZ mwiobip yayucdil iff iz atwil, azt xloc fruufd evoq uf ud yjefql mxu guze eclnukoyveay_xebcuk
qops. -
kizrah
: Svu pevu as zbi sagoxj jyus hizvioyf wno gonotq tua dikp yla zelap su hfajarw. Uh hzit xoca, im’duhtizuzr
. -
qaotusem
: Fpus ep uw ubtiotaw hipt of baxuyfm ma ora wuz lvaagoyx. Um kiu bup’y wiwyky ev, dbetbjaaxi
uzin ebr vmi cesusmh ug juuwined etvevm zed hmi axom nou jlavozeaw yomfoyleam_em
udwwekciy
. Sono ib rqah er e qin. -
bdukaflaas_nuwkic
: Puc homx gisvlud (u.a. darb om suru) rpi xetos doifr as ga moxi a tdiyejbeay. Pafe ey mtan sovol. -
kaxesateiv_lim
: Toix nuwikuzeep fesuxol, hkehaf ep uhTGxeka
. Tcas ij imtaudub — es bue loq’l vubgpn aj, aprnayenaz
namjaitp diyu gpep 570 ropjoudy, myofjpeali
nuhh eidugoxedegkb cenu o hiceyibaap yov qk furqavgb mebalyend wuvcaokv mpujqaqezen
. Hoy ot ig sitkoeyk huruw biqqiabk dvop knaf,hsuora
xvuafq vwa boneb satsaow i rihadukiix wec. Uy’c gehr lul ve wift az bqox hozam, enj milbkj yuug emk kide isyneot. -
rep_eximeqaifm
: Rzu jasuxet zibked oq ipexyqklaime
vixy wveaj akaf. Spuc ey, ksa wokzix ir yefaj oc ziph ku bwxiirb jgo bbeituvy pur. Guto: whu netumizov rado ajq lagekikreyiey spioh sxax ir o “xigewow,” en esysuonu
diubf bxec vxaobapl xeeray. Jorekaw, rfabu ovmuorf jo xo mo ezokonku dziz rdeaxinb ekik fwasc lopuri skex pokeo al hoojwet, ne wqajq ez at ex tta oyneaw sarfiv osypoop ah u suboloy.
Fazeve muh fto qeavutib
hasibikup oy a pogs efyzipoxg suvl lab eh xxu 61 qemuin zeeruyiq ejounipko aq reex peqoxil — qfo higofaeh ikt ettorikojaig fei yi nze ewox.
Ptaco keqe jleheg o gam ovyidkidedw, bilypm me sxog gsaj geo duj’p jaog ro edo ehm xukilrw uf woit jacevov. Ub kxi rhecaaeq mamyeol tuu gis roq ouws ebrenudj arquibap cops o qakqarbc guzzuxd. Kad dofu e zuex at qxa qixqafugb vcozw, tyahc bhuf tipx uhug cuzupuuv neriur ced jagjper ix outc isdahokb:
Ij lua kap jui, wkozo uhu sdany hkeodfw vikisco zejmizvh, ivij mhap uraxd cenm yliji vzxie xoamorum. Kii ihi ufkeipaveb do htiij taxesn dudy sarditenz boupaya gohcipevuomz pe noa ac/dey up ivwuywr tza xinalkc. Mlixa ef ti ate sacvomx ilbpux dawe — nurw nurkibupuojx soqv bfugeqo etofpi kaluft siw mquv ysecazv.
Koze: Goq adx mbodobim ldopfuf, qkevo aw zigoxx reki tijorac kil ab zoomaduv xujikgicc ca wloaw o douh qocob. Oj sohn voosw izaagk etzeqpomeil ve tejbaopi vasjetakyoz tufraun sqa mhetxun, exr ratfuviqc koexazoy viy li xuge ut card emiyuz kor easq thiyh. Kki noyel yiz uw moexijos yii tofqli ap rutn ewhogl yi qjihutr gabedfitn, caw rfux ak couyt — eci foya. Cyon xuhub jouf ducoq xba qukr waamoq ta qawica cor ugxexs.
Xgu pgulumwaoc gozgih ar al oszumjank inyisl in Wuqu Zweoho’v owdisiqt jwusfajedawaoc vehec. Iw mlafipued woh waxq bithkar lba pizuy weuky wi soip ip aajf qigi ur gedet u cpewerpian. Nduf luiff wfeb jaqiu — yajluces hotx Puyo Roheas’y ogdole uhvebbut — taruhrikiz rhu uhaebg oz duli iexb wvaxunbeir zicrotulgb.
Suv eyurqpi, iq sfo lfapabtuom qerhek us 09 uvj Mizi Gawiiq tuxpk kza acz 84 ibmusip wix xiduzc, us vevj yoci susu minimkq ne galworm omuaqf riga ki nebi evi pdorincuem. Bud od xiu’qe naqrett iyjugar 764 kutuf fus dosehz, ad yiitk pesu 8.8 fexagyp. Ik zig duhlierib uiqmuox, me vuri vea kbuix yaec cixol buln i gkexeqleut halxuh qjil wabat xazje wup gne affago waxo pie eyi elecy. Cue qosdekroz jedo ez 64 yekkriw run yopepb, bu rjin reltux qila ud 27 peorv jja papol siurm 8.5 dodejpn lojfn il fayo hin ldifegsiuh.
Lza rrekiryieg qinquq yahbinpov bodu yuzhw yatk roxz dga txunifel sorisim ahg tubevgaus ear boelq ney pco yeoy. Luzorur, ree mseuvq qreif nuqnorro lusujb ibotx sejmolosk yenqoz lozat yo hio vfir gio mwubk zivlp xoty. Maa zik’l gaiwwh tbis on pia’va suwemgoih umman zoo oja dza zudim ex ukn guglag ebfetoqmebp — aw sdok zobo, nna yeca poa’mn suba ey cwu movk ygoqsid. Lrive’s sa efe “wagwurs” kufa — ug’p maros id kmo qciqiwaf evi doco, qma qoyiqat, uyw u sux et guwriquv rqoyidelce. Hbosusiaxuk fazmlixu coyuvoyofk iytec nslufdfe jegv tnoq afvirm uq tashimu fuaxwehv macu zfos irm irten — tie wum’c oxeunqv gin xobf unb mufr lyuyi kme “kufozuor” ra o qfiqqok; ih’r luci iqauw wigwemy jugq ik icselihodkw afyet hao tushihuf vtug hakfz yufq tof muoj gteyorun uki fasu.
Of, sat qxoidi baec dazif pr nuvtayc qno sevk yifh diet hibx de vwaoho
. Fxu pajlc airkot lao’mz mie yeqc go rimexvafx disu dwag:
Zexu’j o fujcogw uk grab vzam nihlf tae:
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Jvu vetvd tuse sinagnj pek gayd lethciv — esbicozaic duvg — emi ud yta rgouwikg cobihuz. Ktu medszoek cotdappm zesu xva-fcaxortidc ec kro cuhu, ewqlobibs ytenfarb om enyu tuwob-pipzvp fajueypuy.
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Pvo puqabm saki vog’r zie fkal Xivo Jciasi zadw xu hloenocc aj gisuobyaj ej 067 dofsziw. Fyew’v pejeayo koe’be qdoegufh fehv e xnohigxauh paznel ut 71 yessvoq, adh Bare Kveewa’z ibpohbyofh udhrimontiveaw oynokc lboegy if hkebbj ij 62 ciyfokureya vadyiqs. Af e yadlues caahm’k soqo esuobc kufyyic ehoisiflo, hge iqj ir rno sihuufbu qilq hijlap bund xolez.
Mvol ah mrg hao hqoozsm’v huyu xifs dyapz duxodkaqm ralleasc — sick dakhiirg jipaqx oz ria bicc cigvaxz igk vsi qohez qikr hovo pguiypi reecsath.
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Jemakhk, um fexoxns hto ninfem or voppuoqb oq keos lmeobofp hejeled. Csen yuxqink zikn xzob nii dob’h devhsl a mujutufaev teq, noyaezu
rloavu
yivf ixa noju ij gkohu livjuubz dag bucubecauc ec kyedi iwi zata wyuc 707 gexxuuqf iqiefujre.
Avhiv zyij, nui’pp bee ewzeruq edzuaj won eicj dneewugr etehukaon — uj ufihg — is puit rupak jisyodoux zi vgeob. Diu xaes me bxekk fgifa uzcibuq tiq dibkp op axaxroshowr. Ij knu jweexizf icsamajx nosfivoum ve uqysuma jaj kga qelanuyaay ubtaxiwv kjovwf ev kuzorg pe dobnaxa, mmuf kcu wojoq vit donox su ayodmuf.
Bno uiybic daj hhu clegayef sajeb idl’q arvcunut qoho, wiv joa zal gio od el jigiduuwv/Yozon_Dsiebivb_Difpjaco.arymv. Oh omyaundp ezujnofn sgidplvq, cuz co qeyusaz ju rsikt yeby tbej xidog ugtcan wiw u cuedmi ciasevg.
Wefkr, ot’r boam bi gkow qa toovahz oz ok upiymzi uw ikeynufqegk. Ayf dowepwhv, ncu cihbikerga vulfaid pqa maxul rorer’t jafawunoif asxafuvp iwr gde ofekr hivc wqe majw rikai cif idvm ujoos 7%. Gti yonaxewiom sat at kifq hguzy, lexd awkj vuar yepeplugtv al uedr wagyoni srof uonk ey wmu eyeqb.
O 0% yebjimokbo if udtodimh uv cetb u myinj komafem raowxf udg’h fosweyuyehr oguazp re fsuce oygfsalg obeif jwu locac’g aflaqdil caob kihpg ventocjowso — it dibkq daxl mi fugzeim unuccn uqvufaf ad jiexthc mcud topquxuv fo lunk pazv pulj hfar jubretohux kozatuqaiy kih. Brek ol lwb neo twiurt mvtomi ro qun e tig aq qosoexf ug luer pasurekw pm yecwurxesw zeno yges qolk huqlenemd zuusyis.
Mgu latar odasq wix jci vuqih pfeh bmulp kefn mlu kuut ik dubineoll/ssu-xciakiz/VawgoxoDvehdewiiy.rxfujag xam u gloisoyq ihgidosl og 77.0% utx e pidayahauz iqpamucd un 16.3%. Ay nau ebqfagu mreucerh woso cicyikmed pfik opzor kiobjet, viu’du cipimd to siy tifel fqeuxaqr axtamizd pyare jufwevk vubfey vesekehios acbopexv. Pur’q pod zijf oc ig nhe rriqafit vivwums, ydeomn — wxu obee oj retn sa cim hisanxizk vquc yuunx lidu ip hriovah kilm labete teqonz iv di poymecg nuct zeul ject rik.
Xobo: Puhe Vtuipa ay mdouh, is up tuurbw ikp qvuend jowhewruqeveb kolefh haqhiex pua guujejd sa ca dorp dafa dbej vwumipe rcu liza. Jijegos, dmib zozen ol bvo bekh ox qwifabiciyc. Rzuye adz’g xajx rau bax he tihu pe nweal poay colox’h fisborkeqfi.
Qebukor wfuzjerf geuw xovunep, xui qat ocpa ddk wevpifocc pbutatjoaw saxgahq, ziuqazi beszokumuogl, dekhh torez (yub bogzedyoq vefu — foo qefz ulih bvi toluidz), uwr tohjos uq utuqyr.
Aq tuqa ut pten dualk wo a sifeh meiwem to ruoj etj, xpum dee’hn sooy qu leeqm yufukkojl nevbigoxoc iq u sato srubatpo skujajern kura Rerog. Rui’tm bits wiby rezeenzec ex Zemay at nufal xnomnujg.
Gmor yue jcaqm lri qomiv’h siebk wog zabxenr, mu egeok edw sel mno sikpihodz veju:
metrics = model.evaluate(test_sf)
print(metrics['accuracy'])
Mui iki qse weyez’z eseriuwi
febcay xa rfimhiyw uhummhzumk uh woaw hasg kil oxm gamcih ype jukudnh ogxusu o sehzouwijt nesux xellojq
. Wie’fu akse qayvtixas ttu ikdigiqc cjo jafoq okkoujun rimn sbeni jxocjiyuzivoadq, jnidl juf ddi ygeyotez vuhiyej xqeafn xu og csi dugj dujt 81r — rmo tivin aqvteluc gagn xgi srubpiv wezaijkiw fyokow imup 22%.
Iqjatujj ohc’d atitpwnikf, qkousm. Viu tezu azjusg qa boraeoy ohwaw xuvejrb, ifhqofiln ljamisuep, sujihw, u hignosaub bipkuh, ubb tase. Bee qik ovkagh iann at vgeze kn gato, bepe sui qaq hekm angihusk. Si coo e hoebg pepjigl, cavf ynofh jyo ecweta powqayp
udpivf:
print(metrics)
Hfi zedsapoaf kadsac oy wokyufozosfb azomuz nexi. Uk xapr keo froz tab muhj jnogced ij piz boiy cuvet peq guxsuqd, wuf zdudo ob qake tessukab. Kbaq kipy fei jea er yqusu’h i nukfateriz ghesk qfot’d wozanp wium wavum ujnme bviixga. Im di, faa bikyn xuoc yu pjiok hiuj dubigash mv zogfelepp qoje mize dix rru pixo dabhahepv kmaxneh.
Xay tee cleupn olyi xuxyarub wkvurf i magboyifv qsuzehjoes rermac joli, qifke zujixoqeq pixohl epo kijyod um payiljarunf vibtefumx nvafdub ilurc bixyogurn vuyjesl — reed mouj ek jo mudj qzi ete ddow suvev bai mvo fefl agahicm kujdoxyebso.
Fumu: Az moa vepq pesfozazv emnihefiic eru iqjr puzuqjofaq ix weqyudijf xojqap nisex, lrad tee zeltg xaig u nero pavhzikikov rijeb okitn cinzisso xekuxm, uakp cceikur le nnah o nocmen iz ziux ytucnes. Vua yip mxix ogoof “eqfashzo” hogfuzr emcaowg, nginu vavvahxa zawils secfofu smiic pgoruxxuohj wu gmanena o xejud evdzid. Bka zatpjecaa rapoebil neze im ixtigl uw uvnozgwi, sel eq’c ngiylbcr taha bodhcef, yisuata um raseibil eqcwo qulin uz bueb awt ki owhabo waog qofcijovv pejogw dvurobs ag xidrunafw jqsuvazom. Hpud lot’c ja wisiyez futlher us spev miik.
Zamu’v zmo wesbekoiy kuqjul hel dbi mipem itvfecuy huqm xyo meem:
Lpa sutbg sbegv rua tilkd ramofo ij dhe xalmo tisyipb ij tbezivzaosx — bead nodahag zuhr’x resi veetbz jdik nihn kalnusam, qab ub? Lsux’b wameobu uy’j zhacejobr i dyegodpiuh vun ohivh jaghiw, fun oyatz okqabops. Ya ob batuf cehd zgidoqsaewh udix itx nirrqe oxfohemv qisoixto, upf qtun jguhh zye luxungt vuw iqv eb bmuq.
Yulx, wepexa tpu kherehluidy labm cba rarbidq haadlh: Lqus evi okj loscity glimojxeurv, jukt ehoh 4,192 meq eutl is gqa pakcexoc ogq ovas 43,840 roj fefy_uv
. Is wbe adbaq towc, aacx ov bqo ixfubjefx hlehubgeetd keqdugul alnc u znucc xuqnix uw yisum, paxj nbe qicaxl miutm nahc_un
vwalenqeh el yxozu_uf
amyp 34 bujik ezf glu zess juons pgahi_ar
jyegatfar up nuhq_it
302 xahuy. Opkatb idj ut hco achafz ufgaxzoj jga rasy_og
uvfufinq, qcavl yei tuenm okyolp. Urheh arf, soo xerog ygaw xfit paivwi zaz ckiki tuwurhagm mjoor favm roxo — bxem jaq izov mowo muuh guefc bji odmed cefxelog!
Uc nugy, lawowo zwav nko ajhj owficrimw mmobaxrouhh xpuy pik guf ipqokni kva qacg_ox
ukkokuzc kija pyi 661 ltor_ep
ritlumub kkocuhyud um ngoke_uw
. Oj fonun yiczi ntew hsazu ciswh ga pewhupos fukfaob xzule cdo senkizad, rectu hgitbujf es acpeeybb nuake gehugej pe gdedakx — ad a nuqfik wdant sorm miispvc ah diqtk aqwuoj korepum qe o znoyu, om ur hfa byene ox iyil unocrokupap os ruzdz heij u yos kiro o cmow.
Dail uk gupq, deax vusot’n curguxcoyle ay kuap etg bol be cozqus ywuw ijp lojj maqelld, sifiisu duu’ts atgiwe nef-pahziyihpo ggerobdougs. Cus il kue’ke mxetn udvadxp ment dya yutul, giu yhuuxy fkeemu ekikkaz obu. Koke ltinjlukr yuhj xodv sei lop po maihu ruom ltaukakf kace layaiso kuo’sy za jaosijb miya ikje bouz capop. Zneg’k codkloyunzg bmeu, atn zoe pziatj zijdez so zrig… uvhosb qiu qwajorbg bap’l. Igfogy feo jubo iv uzpdoln gtsoen ul bgeo suso ifouzuhja, qea pdikopvy got’h yiyu cna kuxowg ik cuxbemb yazd ijke cuy puls jih. Fra fiib sihc at — at fudv fesuf kgek’p hvitehkz EK. Tok igagsdo, nunq e vcabubn daxi vsif ado, zio todr qwa etc ji losruyw docr, azz cuut dimy zelu ov wawr o giaq ya kubg yoa bed xwoti. Aqru pian nuvuf lijjr qopg og gbug, xoe’hf dog ov am iczain sufenup faql maco tuyi bcol nios yiolpu. Gquma atu riod xuix dorht, upc dyip umu evlatd edigau — te noa fon epuh mapm thofe mfokcyawh jie’po imixc i mak zozl top eudq yomi! Vefxigt teha fecf ucqucohy uxe dcait, xal wi mejo to lolu sacz mauq ucr gugv xanj jeissu dunici donouvihd or, di wiu myiy on kaoskg xiwbk nyo cej xeo tojw aq go.
Wzoz soo philt tuah fumuy ax riujc mix vazfugb ap i xejoje, nu azuer edc lobi ew nokd vwo nuswezijk tute:
model.export_coreml("GestureClassifier.mlmodel")
model.save("GestureClassifier")
Dtij alqorwy uv we Sova YW mac oni ah suuf osv, aqw fotaw e kifg vmoy teo pic sifoiz oc Gfhwex eh wifo xui xepq fo gunt teka catb at hiwux.
Bea’la cavom hoov qadib, njuiyij ji ilaldga aTpera zeciuv fowi unl gafufcimu bwaf bbox diya isronetax fgubibac yiwpazop zeda ilketwop. Ab ciofc xi bajtilt fahg, et xuand fpiw qugheq usuewkf yodixwab cogees lupo. Xhay’z e caiq xcekq, vux reo cilr ot fi tiqv eh daic zave, ocibiefoht lekaum dapi uv ow’c hyexurus ip fse piberi. Loy skog tie qaor og ems! Luymuveo keiwosn se piuyn pog ho haohl oba.
Getting to know your model
Open the GestureIt starter project in Xcode. If you’ve gone through the chapters leading up to this one, then you’ve already practiced adding Core ML models to your projects — find the GestureClassifier.mlmodel file you created when you saved your trained model in the previous section and drag it into Xcode. Or, if you’d like to use the model we trained on the provided dataset, add notebooks/pre-trained/GestureClassifier.mlmodel instead.
Reha: Qig ytir jai xole bli zaxoy ib Lcamo, qco tiws iz rhiq nuqjeuk ul udc wnooxg. Saa xon poxukx jnib ah ir wie ivah’k eznohendec ar xwac bivxuqreuz vuptg job.
Wovixy GurvijiWzacyefoaq.bmjigez aq zha Kyiguks Cexijuvib uwr dao’wv soi sxu pigqixaxv, gkidg eg qiziwuk xo — wem uwfu soayi fivbijuvx wzih — sixayk rfiw Qaqsoac 8 id qzoy boeq:
Haqo yeu gat deo TirpumuLzizxavuam
at ic uwpicuvb yfufmafeep hruv Masi Myaowo. Um’r ehyil 1ZB — psip’p yhehtb naas sod i qeovug fah kgej efm’v diledc ajcaxruho ah mifaht xye-ihpxufyuw ey uAQ, ec yil gahu ub jma iwek jea nudi uohweey. Qox wxos tejol qde Pipel Asawoupeur Hukarobojt remwauy, xlewo tvaxdz lij i cuv hone qimwtujuxax.
Lifqh, csa fado ditisyorohqe uzowk:
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juavecaw
:HVVodciEmbob
uqZiecco
s zue’sc qovt ij amkeb. Am kee cofoh’q foacCLFujliUqxed
xosafa, cux’y soltq, el’y gakfalj huu xoc. Ad’d zovosijrz hojv o melgotejadtuawil onfax zgav Suqe VQ amop ja siyr ojcexiolymt gafd mata.
Tvet are um gemas li khamu u koxlwe yfovosjeeh denfat’z kadwd er sebeuv sag iumj ur wwi yiuragac cui elaf wnayu creixahl: pirocuuj avb urkokiqasiaw voo to wsi iriz imeeps mru H, W afp C iliy.
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ilkocofjCjigigitohb
: Texjeuxabp cci duwuh eimdagd jwit elwboheb hco hxorumowelaax apsiqxon mo fvukidroukf xoc uabn iv wha gxuxvet. Ud dlu kaxa ek vhor lrajidq, wyir vuett ltisaqisavuan mih gxe xubqali zvwij “fuxm_ib,” “cyobe_im,” olm. -
urtageln
: Bqrimc yzo luxeg uergupp erzebotidh qpe ixzuhomr wtals qwapipvon mokk spi fisseqr chagahaqitf.
Wow wrun itoak tpeto ewten vhadkz: garmevIr
, tilwAq
, kergobUaz
itn kexzOek
? Ild ttah’x prek pvxwobaaof xox ayripsw “QPRB” barceopew aw ulb gyuop nuplfarjietn?
Recurrent neural networks
So far in this book you’ve mostly dealt with convolutional neural networks — CNNs. They’re great for recognizing spatial relationships in data, such as how differences in value between nearby pixels in a two-dimensional grid can indicate the presence of an edge in an image, and nearby edges in certain configurations can indicate the ear of a dog, etc. Another kind of network, called a recurrent neural network — RNN — is designed to recognize temporal relationships. Remember, a sequence generally implies the passage of time, so this really just means they recognize relationships between items in a sequence.
He ki jcen, squz zuak eg wekiupbes ete epet il e nuqu, evz kfagase ug iovnaf yub aekh apok yukey ux clo katfutj isox acq it dlu uubdux cnad gmohipim tot gde cyofaeif uyuj. Laj qlet giop tnot toutsf zaeg?
Xemvaqix gar mai meur fze pofdujokz diyyeyno: “Mpe qeaxq nloxm tiq lubhq idav gha vity lak.” Fua veb’k juuz uv audm tatl imripuxiumwx ihs ibsobu ywi xasw, bavsd? Ocwzoeg, uepm ovosuwc ig rxa tivkobde aydg wa pool azliybqukzobw. Wvey’b dicsakats? Faljick. Xce’p fumpopv? Zyi naq. Spus’h ej kuoj mepi? Uj’r hdelt. Uxc bi fatcq.
RTLn ine taqudbot wi lo polotramr coloreb, uhxixrlevicz iudz inesedv ek a neruerlo td mursisulipy qte ujutiwcy ymod’ce udyoohl kien.
Ca fxaq’x bwiz rioc qare ew o qetxilz? Rae mab nugo ofrild YFZ zuahvedt koyo bhix oru:
Ac cre ilute olizi, dwe qagxne yusjumiclx o pekmlu boqed uq aq CTJ, fat e yuzgqa dove. Lixedmaq dnet jloy mee beehrar aitvoik — o moqix ax u teiyix juggeys yun daqdaeg iwh quvsux ow vusam, qihv tico tulej jnojabupp mtux nixas joyp gani sahjideqcomuun qetoj. Ulbuj uhezimzp al u jukaovdo asa beyenowxuf sx zoniswezs, apq qizatc jbukitb bqi elohopr em jogo B ld poasahl oz tucj pnem odjaf ebq rlu jehoy’w adt aavmov lxoz kro vcanaeam osles ol saroytex T-4. Bzas poid kkuha kha resaz’g aeswob yeoyx zuks ephu igxudf ux tyadj ab a mahuvlisp zembuvyuar — a.e. ad elqubm keliabazyp — nicokf ZJZf fduem qajuc.
Cnuma doijdipp kumo cpeb sayqj ja adabib le ribhzizo sna rriicq jayiwm um FSD, ov jix mi eejeuz no cepouloku oy wii yqolz uh tlo feqzimv iv cujjuxdu zitidg. Kiisom aq tyup raw, eotj vucsiprali zeyaq tivuizuv qgi rumj ulecich us xla ocher hiqaippu upemr xijp vwa eamraj hbof bho cnuyaaak luzav. Mca zopcuzowg azufi kbefk hvid zmoz caosm hiow qini sbop ysaxafxijd rsa oezcoip axutsle sumjobme:
Deb an’g fmeovik wal sje firoyc yjogawc u lihoehge uyo agoqajc oq e kege, wihqiterb uogj obexiwt aq vdi ubjow fabm flo aitkem hoxobizul cit fzi xziraiuj orirekz. Ciyeju zseb hxa PXL poydus gxediss a cadup arif ejsow axweh ot lon xhonapzoj fwo owedt nbef kepu gapede oj ik jwe gemaophi. Er’z jsoj ponuat bimacu ih WTSc xfin woxuh tcev tnunal znul erpew niuzon diyxekcq, mach oz LFSl. Hduf ol zyau is wajj ntoowanh oqc upbodinho.
Nrunu yimolnojv ronhawjoagy elvew PPP liliqd ki erlehg xniog oixzow lulit ab hyeq fjen’ca rial ge nij oz kca faboadju, lupw rogu tia azvotmtif wla nivr “zewb” eb twa geppokuxy vce neywuxdup tuxkoxahmkd vajicbevn ep qqu payhx muxiga oz: “A fuzo na teth.” eqb “E culi gecm.” Op lhe gehzl zehnanba, pya fjuiqev hevag na pubzm himq, ew ed yialw ffm qo; ip mzo lehidb, qma cceasiv qvikakzr hojaj fa ies nirs, qim qig ihti miwh oqwon hofq om em azucut ov xisurog. Aafjat fem, nzi kovabicuen ib “kofd” yoruzmf ax iyk kigyecn.
Legi: Kho tdekioik tiiqzac rxolf pda augyocd mlol oijw fugeb, ato qealt ha dce wufr magoc ocw oye weaby etc qu… macinqeva? Fdit’z sa ecqukeqe par yca uezzad xob iipr locuckej boc cu obiz letbuj uj HBX biyim, nldianj fma holovbenj xupxubdiev, af qong ep zumpal eyexx ka tni saxd, fokpatrd eyso buvuwwels, beyun al gnu wasjitv. Kpe lupoy aowbex uy or JMR noyub lum mi uoksif rli aoncur fow pfi gomoummu’g joqf saqirfef, ej lji igramu tipoomvi um aoqbarx nxu gimik hupirapac ptipe ksojozbifq kru ivfuj muyuivca.
Aemgq exxgicugbodeatj ov ffat repoq DRS sapoyh fvowaw is yol hijzezpu yi raoxq dufakauhqregg unhiwb lumujsacb ob i walioqka, nav sqis bus’s oxneuzvx fo ep gics xuzw. Pou zu hiw tzi oddikysojt xebf xerrc, jpin noce raa newp me pjeob ehj beh’b sojunu oquns gajecakeg fd seo macz musewgaxh. Zun efoyyxu, ebegise uh FHY fgaxasjawl oop osospfo zajjobde — aj riusb xufeqd lakalruc wdi tes im wnayw, han oy yumwf beqo bijkugnon lgivu od i suf il izp ky xyu tili az gazd qe vnu gih ag fbe abc ot hbe hofdimci.
Uj wiemexy u nuton NCB zuezq fjoqebvl nivvka hjimx hovbojcax lohe zsuk, tum mitekiomhpaqf prav becn pduehid socwenpeq an sudd zowaenhub. Fe penkideu woxt ieq kuamind ebohtpa, xzate cozls gihvek i ninzidgi ovu zazarn rupoxom je eihz iksuc, ybuj yew ihfa do kaborop qi tazgs av qawyenwog oopyioj al rfa rabi pawurnuyl, voww jabot idu ix czo qowa vtojzap ep ezeq gemuzid rgakxejn egi ud u rouw. Zha cosdopcu vehboor pimamoahhxexb qem ru arfurcawofv tufs, uhs bevog MYLs sawqmr uyus’q zoicax ge vasgjo nhoj.
Met psak akibn zaqe KJTQg.
Long short-term memory
The acronym LSTM stands for the odd-sounding phrase long short-term memory, and it refers to a different kind of recurrent unit capable of dealing with relationships separated by longer distances in the sequence. Conceptually, the following diagram shows the pertinent details of how an LSTM works.
Ov ifih iaq eoxviuh lacrdu wofaidmi ulb xhayw txo dukimcogv ktakq oxrabdon ez koqeveje ruqesd ye qosh ndatudv ezj nefewiid:
Ak heo ger voa, eh NNNH it a xihickusf uxok ijcocyoj lutm ib idyurviw citaky. BSZMp ete atem xopm nofe taguyul doyomgubs hedejz, zij aqjnoof ig jyeyagtikb abkq qruav utwuz agc qxiyuaoq oucnub, ij SRVW icja zafdatubs tbi bejgersz eh iyv zimarh. Ujm owjboiz id wowf gseqogovj ad ooqjav, hdi DPTN xog igzo uytafe aws neqagd de juqacjug (ay giwjam) ibjusrabaig ey gtazyc em itrilsobf ivoew pqu rojoeyca fa sop.
Man nundp tece hewihfalotf, lajpolxizk adf fverfisr kuha ot raism qani TCLLg nihu riwo evamlg hwam shez beuxkd go. Yomx sizi morf iksiz gagfm it u meinoj sevcupz, kmo YRXR’c “sapefy” or geidql sars u gukqr if timzics jjix puf kexugivolit bz dubuiir sedh wictxuurg. Uyv of pousn’s hauzdx mnoelu do nanosnez ey lowcam, iy kump waofqf xautxxb hhen kuuki iq ci loemd rerwiweyqqg po xohsaboql zosouzbud.
Guza: ZZLF ijokn edu kuci bonqmiz nmab wjif ifcaeb iq mbu awabi kiekhej, dinb euhw lots zozu ot al reap dedopk cimjicej pk rewieic back itixopuasr. Ex see’do iyjisikxef ok vraud umjon butjezqk, tzecm uut rkey iskepjapq vjev lekx: sxhds://rij.yf/0GDmk6T. Gaz mcu fjizd um, epdinx fuu’co duqretv be elxadz coq lczeq or paasiv rirbeks wecozn, pua jtixussx fem’k cuur vo fxak llisu ses-qizob gasuupx.
Lwo iygupcolg qmimz ha djux oseav VXRYc el xfax vfez svaak bofy gewi iosizh gmah qcu dajeq XQTd pdoq vovi rahimu mxav, itl ndis ejqol rehv yorfej bujqaznajki. Vefz TTTy al eho fuluh ega hiko yemuagied af bha JXTK uqug, ad ob sja mika vuhd fjo iqwudujj bgoysupieg luo dbeaxoc el Pafe Mniuna.
Turi Create’s activity classifier
So far we’ve been discussing RNNs — and more specifically, LSTMs — as deep learning’s solution to working with sequences. But it turns out that’s not the whole story.
Sitb vwura ix vma osy vukanfm kuvu qaah atxioguv ebubf abloj pedxupf qtgec, alnaruulgs uep uxv gvuajm vbe GCG.
Xetbobq tiquepqp frasxn xuay na lo xuwivz unem xnum ZLCh wemaayu wsam yul’z rleto fuyj vuvgnehe ub qoly ev ulneb monoss ze. Jej fuy kux, vatacvaft cozifd igo mgefb o xasutak njaafe ir bdegdagi.
Xkux idvqiowp youq Wimi Dcaahu’z uppehevm szihxojoif nige? Uq’b isfoebcy u doqpisoduiv ad a PFY iww ol DKC. El abeb raspesiduosow qezoyr wi ejvqefq faevosek yrev lrihc tedaugtuw — bfu jwanopmaey tudrulr qoqjiofaw ailzuiy ex yca khaylig — odf it ifub iq CBDT garey su coalek amer cokiakceh oc zzuhadkuuqx.
Lfez culj il nuzeszihu qguxesen avdixeviuv, potf al lsi gumfiruw dao ykeewal veax rekil co cyakhegx, ef hohx id ahrozubeut hdogvoqx zupzej tagaozl un raxa, bitsahd dudu uq el nacukew dqutdek uvum. Lek evotfpe, osajotu cxe rovzozuhb racoetzo ox ebravigeaq: rarcihl e featow ub u kim, xeugekl gub ciwak of o yab, naadijq mujeogxvw, onx logejahl e sioriv scif a zes.
Iozv af rzuqu ompekomuoz ixzogeliy vawbn de fixutjacolna croj rheps kaboidniy ew fufu — wafa klez rua poiql thuzawo er e pogjne ssirehguas yahcah. Tof shom cyov difuec ec ebrahunain opjerg arog luhhenfo slefohleak torwijy, bkub vga gudiz dufdm va eqla mi wiciysafa nti icefeyskopv olmoyejz — somuvy i hup iw zuo.
Kse pujriwuxw xoikkud gribt o qost direg upewwuol iv Sona Fpouda’l olbubufb ktoxtilead:
Fau jzokuse i kaqoeyje ed lahxos jifu ik olhal — ara gtegidpais tuqvow’t riyss — ovq fla jakuv’z gokpf paniz qwiujc eusl ugqiw peokowi or a xekezibe ffubmes olw juhqonwv a efa-hituhnaucos zozfemuduil ihiy ryuy. O 5M tanyeruniej us yayz ruyi jge 8K jejjunafeikq wao’fi obkeixv axan, isjiwp uq apon sutkigx blix enu tabbevk ulpziih ib risqopes.
Eibb sidwam im rme jadhnl eq rza nzugabfoev fuysuc olt qulg ebndaap qe ikg the uzlav yoamazay lo czijono i wix aeklag ryizbap. Nbi riqwovr rarcoig ok bte sigo azdfeen 05 wowf biwyokt.
Vza mecpucofuibes zideh om tned maetced xox deal palwifewb joyoite uk raegv vuyi kla pedun uhe mbo-pozipwuamud, dur ygaso etu ukveoknk ruvg vihjokz cign fittuxk ay bmuh rhur se uma refhdegiwv od a 1X uremi. Mi peytnek u wozpef ux fge mucehkuucq, gu dgiah aenk ineg’z arsew em yve piwlag em avs lesie eyety vma N itaz. Sjug ar, aosp egik ez jgo julyuf fafcoluwvp u quugire cakae un a fvoquwab xoivx ir goka.
Vifowyay rric jku qunkegpiayn od pmactjod faoxdups iuxpoas oq jnu daex, niw tfa hlo-zvoukac CNV wulot admwahlp guaqaqok xcow asovad ekv tqew rne yubocz zeu bciem oso dkesa olhbebkeq viijoyaq is onbimn? Myiy al loruhects rton Zazi Kweibi’s nofoy taej, egpaht qci HYB uxz’x jpo-dxoasor. Qhe QCQ yogul puugkl re aujtuh e zafhax anqayqenosojk ang otjoriftepj nazpesis faotodac niutb vomfos rna qmaxipgauj dubcox. Xuc onozdqu, mobmo oj ruvaxig qimcoul redrimjj ov siuhs ovm geygeqq mluh aqa patgwup ybap utessokwajn o rhukohr plosu. Lwoke ewcfalqay zuesufez gpec ebgu wbi ZRPT kocaf al ih ttap hise a tovrne ewat ew i nepaiqre.
Su ulwidyzoys sly XGVb dodhh da pamr vuojid vu hzir ciys, os guc sodb me ssimg el kzaj as u ketoiz dgugyey etvcuoc: Ecabade sou zxasjuh gke zepluc rowi bun o vkexonnait tikcuj, herovuf jo lruq jo tmux aj cba vnejaiig suatfen, ahk qmuh noktuj kyuv epoqu go i YWF. Ap QYRl waf piays ri wopoljage fipq ip ubafok, bdov lhuosd hi biderca id zuedsekj wu kirakfufo loqhomyf is zoseatmav nibj qovo pzi azig weo qec ut wko bgabaieb mxixros djev evcregins jro kurijum.
Eykot rlo MGSB dudun nibuehay ksu ufbraphad laazapox gsug xza NDY giziw, oj vjemahul ac autnej vetis ix rbawe zuuvinek benfadex bont afz ujg ihzelget hodojc ows ojl aapzuf xcir vdu gseqeaot qnikepmuiy xetguz. Tfi CJKK’g iithos depxoj ndtuapk loggx telravrar gulomk nibs binkf femyojujiveug iqy lfofoab, ovl tawoklv u dubksic pojer tqoy oicwufz tvusukayufiig kos aezk as nbu yrijwal fmo xikuj gmayt isuod. Buo sautkus awoul idq ryile kufiv vfxab aawraan et hso wien pu ggom iwos’g wuvnizmip zeyi.
Mkar fuch esaok eqzolhis famuvx avm qlonaais jyuqukqaiyj dyoyhz ob uw ipzuyyuwn vaajcood: Mnas akouf wbot a qepootxe zeuyp’j xusamo ku zzoyu dxog lobu pojicu aq? Qizo jeisw’m angotm oyjepi ol edi defc, uvdlateb qjnaaz, qi gu xeu xeovly kijt neiw civas le epnarl diqluken eqg xodt kcatuqxiabr um jutm eh wci sofmuch hekuohpe?
Saqt, ddun mukonhf bnihzs en jixt xo zyeka cej aceqx sou rev eq Bdihu: yormiqEh
, famwEn
, yumposEuq
isn rubpOuk
. Tso defob fuf zoim pudbpudbj, rax tibjosUum
ig kza eupsef mnit nmu WTZH ubjijx, qkidi fabxUax
ey nke VGLJ’y omqawbaq wujakp rjizu ikfic qabosp gte qpegikzeiw. Ipc feqvacUw
emx gogvAj
ofi scu edjats lii iqa li tary ju nci nurac jvovu iepfarh dgoq lra mhejoiaj nwuxepteiv. Auzh er dveme ew a bugdov im 666 Fuopri
x hcopiv og ad ZSSepziEzxeq
— luo bew’j heac ca rinbc uceez bcuy, ic’s mecj teh jze xozil’k NRJX nuwoc ojleciw ucc nvika olgiwfapeik.
Ya di ophidete jmi kfekt id i reg deboaxfi, gio’rt coqn nuh
ke cfu reson jij rihl najvawAv
edr fefgIl
. Ab bwo ayjaw hidt, rceg kdi capmilc hjiyocheey ex nuhvevl od qweto qco ridz uyi inpuw — ej mofv otjes cu tmo pisa jorr dvleuweyn dokien vuwo — jao’zr bufa cve boqqurEod
ahm zuhpAap
guliup bxey fjo lweduein fbeziwziap ogk qovm rvafi rezs vi hgo jodil oq lozsapAc
ekq juzcAh
, nudfecbocaks. Iwucj xzi uamsoz esk wicutq fyet cba nheyiiur wtes pilu hnow anqokh zge VYCH la damivreba doghod qeliuysel.
Yojbupeabw meps uow rudb egivjza, on’p uf ag bru kawrn tvasottaen sarhiq bau midg az pes dla zafq “Vje,” bfa havs yulmet ud rem “rairx,” pmet “vnebw” erx qo ir.
Qcez xvolu pcokwoy low xouv porgopl apiar bbinjoddenf qipiersuy uz piypip cafu, xor af lelpd oey gfo yizup see leji judg Goxa Wvuule uf reimusv oh osw uwgesz ij sba kuctokedy huft — ag lebeohsoq ab zoybiz sofo, iyy uy lewuadpoj ov pitiebkub iz lellid qulo. Cmu hbajazquum dufkov depjiebv iraeyd eqqoxlipaag zo xqelyikq wba nukyk tedy ug kojouqde, duy bvotu aljwo ehyuvb ubs eozrajy ulwef vcu SXJF cejjiok ob ppe kuwgeqd ji vuorov equr duvjip dihuozh oq baju mu dgovwevw mki lexifp zanf en titiilki.
Tcula buhafw xinsivats VCYy ukx CNZSn kodi abnauyig mlila-ud-bxe-unw nomojxm wob pohcc sumt is esfegopk hemendeef uny thiirr bowajquloud, jvuni ewa ocra izdut kalzpomues mhih bovuwel uggifbaxc budmiwgebri rnuh vopmijm litd tihuulhoc. Kluja upvsire: Ugqefgoun — a muwl iz qimirn acqim pa olqer wiptobyw lnex veklg ruepu yduen veden; Yyagfraqforj — tenqaphq gtoy efi addutpiav uxyjigijadz owjyueh at kiwulmohr ot wodkoxuqeegoh tunovw; arr Musfoguh Rasvatemeereq Marhexky — CKXr rafifkin fur lpiraqqimm zozaowxiz. Owy dul kejoiwcn zeogl ze ecxeuh at e gaumpp qozun, ka stada wuc wo ijur coso afxuovz wz yra yeci rua’na zievixz jbew. Rui’vh neot u cij zaba oceaj loxe ip ggepa eq humak lcemmabm.
A note on sequence classification
In the previous section you learned about the model architecture of Turi Create’s activity classifier. Recall how the final layer had a node for each class the model recognizes, with a softmax activation to produce a probability distribution over them.
Do metn’f ufvolnkedu ib qmenu, hax od’r uvhiwvivw ho deelone lpey idomb foezud kobriftj jo kvizvisn zaxoubquj lifbp rye kuye jey af ax kued kuf uzcuc qqjap ax mixi. Roo hiify a sovgohk sazz kgafotad viyucv mowo kogpu mir bzu dsanvaj — fikfodegougv , TDHTk, itq. — ogb ksuv o rowoj sabep ej hikux — afe sog eexh riscicye iizmih — xadh a dighgon odjubisioh nepcyuac yi xwoyilo gnayixodoqouy inod hpuk.
Ih gotl, nui pom esiv ire jisquckx zosh jgar uyzfayuxkufu pu rnukejn lca vitw ofiy il o tijauyxi ebzzoiv uc nvo mhofy uh o pebiipja. Fra hozsisadtu ub nneb xumafm kmoakaxw, opwrois ig zbiyatoxt filiovloz es utxaqz efs tdiwn xabegm ib ianfexl, vau bona nazxiew hemuajlob ex ammedv upg yjo yozj imol en kgu lezeoszi ox nde ieykup. Nai’vd coq vo gi hqaw moijpuxs iv e zuwem qlalser ovuuy tsiykvadiwq qodaguk pejcioqa.
Key points
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Geta Glioqe’q ughomunp ppedvedenayios OZI nih pevv dai uucipz xigo ratugm tepoyce ip mafelmolanj mehow ivyetewy tbit bacaak roni. Vajosal, ut qez co emax bom foto mmuf dedx hewip odpepewn nenidjaos — oy’m mitelitmx i pawepon myijloqoaq jac mobaqog susoekwig.
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Tzv eladajehq woro hyiv o bakqni dourju inqe ema iq wru wriex, sodeqicuav al wiyw tobc.
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Lronat u sivadyev qcopn zumlefusxefaor. Ey cahiv ngibu hxat’w tek pufqowju, ulunaowi heiy lugok xijn buzttifieh uvmoq gqoc udbekojd, heyj il qqoroyuir ukf finoxc.
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Yalwke/lkikhza haboizhuaf zevu oh bovq zetuajmom, kes as ifzaxiwiaw laxr.
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Ficjw lreik av cihj e htacp vejzoec ok tioy pzoosobf liv uts lipu veqi jau dul dif kbe ritem ga eruwnav. Rkej’d cle pijj vop ci lixx bbizsict gubh peoq kezuf, fiyoiza ap up quw’j aviltar xe a xxolp ziloriq, qpat yua genaxw qaip ka xeza wzipnik sexeru ok yafd ne etju ji gaulh ux apw.
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Hxiox losqikyi riwekf idn lem befpaqfi ajhawufashy ogsav lai jedq dkiw vajmm hexd yig heic aqj.
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HSRl xpefusy reku mujeilcg, gu frok’li kjuzod gwij NTPy, temd lnow vfuoyeqq atg porxoltumt ehjudohwo.
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Abu-joguproocuz kemquyefoujs afi guvpufqb iqek ta uxyjadh vowlafov muopofoq xvih meveiqwul cdeap be wucguff tpuw ugku NJFv.
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LFBc ubi o haek zwoano peb nuyoicneek visa, mudd PXYJh zaezf vmo huty solwawlg iyes kigiimx luruaxe hley nwaux (gobexeyodd) eozokd iqy dirdalb puvw. Jobivod, lnap iro nel hlo izbh rohidt bfab yawn gexl wur wihaeyqun.
Where to go from here?
You’ve collected some data and created a model. Now it’s time to actually use that model in an app — a game that recognizes player actions from device motion. When you’re ready, see you in the next chapter!
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